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At the import level, we strongly encourage importers to obtain health certificates issued by health authorities of the countries of origin certifying that each imported consignment of shellfish is fit for human consumption.Under the Public Health and Municipal Services Ordinance, Cap.132, fresh or frozen shellfish is classified as a restricted food item, which is subject to licensing control.When handled properly, shellfish is as safe to eat as any other source of food.Ĭontrol Measures and Surveillance Findings Attention to environmental, food and personal hygiene can prevent hepatitis A.Consumption of bivalve shellfish, like cockles, oysters and clams, is strongly associated with hepatitis A outbreaks. Man may contract hepatitis A after consumption of contaminated shellfish that has not been thoroughly cooked. Hence they tend to concentrate the virus present in the polluted water. Because bivalve shellfish are filter feeders, they absorb food particles and nutrients by filtering out the seawater. Shellfish living in water contaminated by sewage can carry the HAV.It generally divided into four groups namely crustaceans (examples: crabs, crayfish, lobster, and shrimp), gastropods (examples: abalone, limpet, snail, and whelk), bivalves (examples: oysters, clams, mussels, and scallops), and cephalopods (examples: octopus, squid, and cuttlefish). Shellfish is a broad term for all aquatic animals that have a shell of some kind.Risk Assessment and Public Health Significance Because of its unique habitat and special feeding mechanism, shellfish especially bivalve shellfish is an important vehicle responsible for transmission of hepatitis A.Symptoms can include fatigue, poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal discomfort, jaundice and tea-coloured urine. The incubation period of the disease ranges from two to six weeks.Adults exhibit more severe symptoms while infants usually show no signs. Hepatitis A may be asymptomatic, or produces acute symptoms depending on the age of the infected persons.

Food borne transmission through faecal-oral route is the most important mode of transmission for hepatitis A.Hepatitis A is an infectious disease affecting the liver caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV).